Water is collected from a channel and transported to next treatment. Along this path, all the particles of type that have a grainy sedimentation rate greater than the rate of climb of current are held in tub. In practice, the sedimentation depends on surface of tub and not by its volume (survival water purification systems). In fact the same flow rate of upward flow (Qa), the greater the surface (S) of tub, the lower the speed of upward flow (Va = Qa / S), the greater the proportion of particles sedimenting.
The sedimented material is conveyed towards a hopper formed on bottom of tank, by means of mechanical pickers that sweep the bottom of same, and from here pumped to sludge treatment line. The size of tanks depends on detention time which is a function of characteristics of solid sediments present in raw waters and the type of decanter chosen.
The filtration is carried out by passing the waters (from rivers or lakes) through various types of implants removal of organic and inorganic material. The removal methods used can be physical, chemical-physical and biological function of type of substances to be eliminated from waters entering the plant.
Indeed, the presence of substances in suspension, for example, can nullify the effect of final disinfection since such particles may protect microorganisms against the action of disinfectants. In treatment of flocculation will exploit the properties of certain substances, called coagulants, which under certain operating conditions, in form of waters insoluble compounds with electric charge of opposite sign (positive charge) than that of colloids constituents as to eliminate the turbidity (negative charge).
Forms special surface filtration membrane processes are divided according to size of pores in: microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and hyperfiltration or reverse osmosis. Filtration membranes can be used for example as an alternative to or flocculation processes adsorption.
Filter volume: the filtration takes place by means of a three-dimensional porous matrix said filter bed consisting of discrete materials of small dimensions (eg. Sand); in this case the particles are retained within filter medium. The effectiveness of a filter material depends on certain properties of particles such as size, shape and surface chemistry. The filters lenses are the first filtration system used in filtration, but they are currently little used. The slow filtration can be used in case of turbidity 10 ppm.
The 'sodium aluminate is very expensive and is also used in treatment of lime-soda softening species in case of high hardness and magnesium. In some waters, even with a strong dose of coagulant, are unable to develop a staple of suitable density. Inse cases, adjuvants are added to waters coagulation to promote the densification of micro-flakes.
What lens filters the filtering action is exerted by the biological film that develops on the surface of filter in 10-15 days (aging time of filter). The film filter is very sensitive to mechanical disturbances and organic contaminants. During the period of maturation of film the filtered waters is not considered potable. The inflow of waters into filter takes place from above while runoff occurs from the bottom; the filtration rate.
The sedimented material is conveyed towards a hopper formed on bottom of tank, by means of mechanical pickers that sweep the bottom of same, and from here pumped to sludge treatment line. The size of tanks depends on detention time which is a function of characteristics of solid sediments present in raw waters and the type of decanter chosen.
The filtration is carried out by passing the waters (from rivers or lakes) through various types of implants removal of organic and inorganic material. The removal methods used can be physical, chemical-physical and biological function of type of substances to be eliminated from waters entering the plant.
Indeed, the presence of substances in suspension, for example, can nullify the effect of final disinfection since such particles may protect microorganisms against the action of disinfectants. In treatment of flocculation will exploit the properties of certain substances, called coagulants, which under certain operating conditions, in form of waters insoluble compounds with electric charge of opposite sign (positive charge) than that of colloids constituents as to eliminate the turbidity (negative charge).
Forms special surface filtration membrane processes are divided according to size of pores in: microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and hyperfiltration or reverse osmosis. Filtration membranes can be used for example as an alternative to or flocculation processes adsorption.
Filter volume: the filtration takes place by means of a three-dimensional porous matrix said filter bed consisting of discrete materials of small dimensions (eg. Sand); in this case the particles are retained within filter medium. The effectiveness of a filter material depends on certain properties of particles such as size, shape and surface chemistry. The filters lenses are the first filtration system used in filtration, but they are currently little used. The slow filtration can be used in case of turbidity 10 ppm.
The 'sodium aluminate is very expensive and is also used in treatment of lime-soda softening species in case of high hardness and magnesium. In some waters, even with a strong dose of coagulant, are unable to develop a staple of suitable density. Inse cases, adjuvants are added to waters coagulation to promote the densification of micro-flakes.
What lens filters the filtering action is exerted by the biological film that develops on the surface of filter in 10-15 days (aging time of filter). The film filter is very sensitive to mechanical disturbances and organic contaminants. During the period of maturation of film the filtered waters is not considered potable. The inflow of waters into filter takes place from above while runoff occurs from the bottom; the filtration rate.
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